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Mylabris is a traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine, which has significant effects on treatment of malignant tumors and dermatophytosis and so on. It has been recorded in most historical Chinese Pharmacopoeias. However, because of its hypertoxicity in the crud forms, Mylabris needs to be furtherly processed if it is taken orally. There are various methods about how to process it in previous Materia Medica Classics, whereas the most modern approaches are mainly using cleansing technology and stir-baked with rice technology. Moreover, the technologies stipulated by local processing regulations are different from the stipulations of pharmacopoeias. This research combs through the history evolution systematically in the processing of Mylabris, and analyzed the existential issues in modern research on it, so as to provide references for the processing and the quality control of Mylabris.
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Cantharidin is the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris. Cantharidins received increasing attentions for having bioactivities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and enhancing leukocytes, meanwhile, many researches were reported about cantharidin bioactivities, structure modifications, and synthesis methods. In this review, structures of derivative cantharidins were summarized and bioactivity and toxic regulations were developed, which can provide reference for cantharidin compound researches and modernizations of Mylabris.
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Objective: To provide the scientific evidence for the identification of Mylabris phalerata and Mylabri scichorii by observing the characteristics and microscopic characteristics of the two species, which may be of relevance to the compilation of 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Methods: The pharmacognosy of six batches of M. phalerata and four batches of M. scichorii were studied by character identification, micro-morphological identification, conventional microscopic identification, polarized light microscopic identification and microsublimation methods. Results: Colored holographic image of the micro-morphological characteristics (body length, antenna, elytron and hind-wing), microscopic characteristics (bristle, body wall fragment, elytron debris, hind-wing debris, muscle fiber, debris of gas pipeline and undigested plant tissue) and crystalline sublimate characteristics were obtained for the first time. Conclusion: The results of micro-morphological identification complement the fine structural characteristics of traditional character identification. The microscopic and microsublimation methods for identification can be used as specific markers for identifying Mylabris.
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At present, the disjointing situation is generally present between "systemic"and "local", "macro" and "micro", " process" and "activity evaluation" in the study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). An urgent task for the modernization of TCM is to establish new strategies and methods which can reflect the overall characteristics of TCM. The introduction of integrative pharmacology provided a feasible approach to solve the problem of the fragmentation of TCM. Internet-based computation platform method was adopted in this study to explore the active molecular mechanism of Mylabris in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Based on the analysis of the functional integration of internet-based computation platform V1.0 version software, the "core components-key target- main pathway" multidimensional network of Mylabris in treatment of colorectal cancer disease was constructed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Mylabris in treatment of colorectal cancer from multiple perspectives. The results showed that Mylabris can treat the colorectal cancer and the mechanism might be associated with amino acid metabolism, NF-κB signaling pathway, immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, and chemokine signal transduction pathway, epithelial cell signaling in helicobacter pylori infection, T cell receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway and so on.
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Activating blood and dissolving stasis is one of the important principles of clinical anti-tumor by traditional Chinese medicine and the anti-tumor effect of the blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs has been confirmed by a large number of studies. But in recent years, some experimental studies have found that some blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs could promote tumor metastasis. And then the clinical application of this kind of drugs has suffered from many controversial problems. Chinese materia medica (CMM) with breaking blood stasis and resolving mass (Poxue herbs) is a kind of blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs which display the severe effect. Nowadays some researchers confirmed its obvious antineoplastic effect and its prominent anti-tumor metastasis effect, which indicated in recent studies. In this article, we summarized the anti-tumor metastasis effect and mechanism of the Poxue herbs like Curcumae Rhizoma, Sparganii Rhizoma, large blister Beetle, leech, and its effective components in detail. And we also put forward that Poxue herbs are the ones which have the anti-tumor metastasis effect among blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, and it valued with significant clinical application and development. It is also believed that the Poxue herbs could inhibit the tumor metastasis which is related with aerobic glycolysis and can provide the theoretical direction to guide clinical application.
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Ten compounds were isolated from Mylabris phalerata by using preparative HPLC and column chromatography over MCI gel. On the basis of physical-chemical properties, NMR and MS data analysis, the compounds were identified as 5'-[(1 R,2 R,3 S,6R)-1-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-3,6-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide]- ethyl-2'-methyl-2'-butenoate (1),cantharidin (2), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Ala) (3), cyclo-(R-Pro-R-Leu) (4), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Leu) (5), cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Tyr) (6), indole-3-aldehyde (7), 3-indoleacetic acid (8), valerolactam (9), and 4-hydroxyphthalid (10).Compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2-10 were obtained from this genus for the first time. Compounds 1-9 were subjected to cytotoxic activity on HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, A2780 cell lines, and only compound 2 showed inhibitory effect on all cancer cell lines.
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Objective To investigate effect of compound mylabris capsules combined with neoadjuvant on efficacy and expression of Ki67,ER,PR in patients with HER2-negative breast carcinoma.Methods Eighty-one HER2 negative-breast cancer patients from the hospital were randomly divided into treatment group(41cases) and control group(40 cases) by random number table method.Control group was treated with three weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,firstly given with cyclophosphamide(CTX)600 mg/m2 +adriamycin amycin(Ad)60 mg/m2,and then next course with docetaxel(DOC) 100 mg/m2, intravenous drip for 1 h,one period per three weeks,one times per week,and for 6 periods.Patients in treatment group were additionally given with compound mylabris capsules from one day before chemotherapy,three particles per time,two times per day,seven times per period,and for another one week after chemotherapy.Score of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptoms,clinical efficacy,and levels of hemorheology indexs were compared.Serum levels of Ki67,ER,and PR were detected between both groups.Results Total efficacy of treatment group was recently 56.10%,which was superior to control group 30.00%(P<0.05).AT the ending of chemotherapy and 1 weeks after chemotherapy,TCM score, plasma viscosity,and high, middle and low shear of whole blood were obviously lower than control group(P<0.05).Serum level of Ki67 in treatment group was lower, while ER and PR were higher than control group at the ending of chemotherapy and 1 weeks after chemotherapy with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Conclusion Compound mylabris capsules combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating breast carcinoma with HER2 negative can decrease TCM symptoms, improve blood viscosity and clinical efficacy,and inhibit expression of Ki67 and up-regualte ER and PR levels.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of Fufangbanmao capsules combined with FOLFOX-4 (Oxaliplatin + 5-fluorouracil /Calcium folinate) regimen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). Methods A total of 107 patients with previously untreated MCC, who were admitted to the hospital between April 2006 and October 2008, were randomly divided into combination group (n = 54) and chemotherapy group (n = 53). In combination group, patients received Fufangbanmao capsules (750 mg twice daily) and FOLFOX4 regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 day 1, infusion of CF 200 mg/m2 for 2 hours followed by bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m2 and a 22-hour infusion of 5-FU 600 mg/m2 ). Whereas the patients in chemotherapy group were treated with FOLFOX4 regimen. Results The effective rate was 44. 4% in combination group and 37. 7% in chemotherapy group with no significant difference (P = 0. 481). The median time to progression (TTP) was 11. 6 and 7. 9 months in combination group and chemotherapy group, respectively, with significant difference (P=0. 020). The difference was found in improvement of quality of life (QOL) between combination group and chemotherapy group (57. 4% vs 32. 1 % , P=0. 008). The side effects in two groups included gastrointestinal toxicities, neuropathy, alopecia and bone marrow suppression. However, Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia was significantly less in combination group(37. 0%) when compared with chemotherapy group (58. 5%, P = 0. 043). Conclusions In first-line treatment of MCC, Fufangbanmao capsules combined with FOLFOX4 regimen showed synergic and enhanced effect for improving TTP and QOL, and also reduced the incidence of neutropenia.
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Cantharidin is mainly found in the beetle families Meloidae and Oedemeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) which are the natural producers of this terpene anhydride. Most studies to date have focused on cantharidin distribution in blister beetles, with few reports on recently found cantharidin-related compounds (CRCs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the present work reported cantharidin and two CRCs, palasonin and cantharidinimide from Mylabris impressa stillata (Baudi, 1878) which was collected from Toyserkan county, Hamedan Province, Iran. Ionization provided mass spectra with characteristic fragments of cantharidin at m/z 96 and 128, demethylcantharidin at m/z 82 and 114, and cantharidinimide at m/z 70, 96 and 127. This is the first time that cantharidin and the two CRCs are found in the genus Mylabris which in turn is new to the field of venomous insects.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Coleoptera , Insecta , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Cantharidin/analysis , Research ReportABSTRACT
AIM: To establish the GC-fingerprint chromatogram of Mylabris. METHODS: Mylabris from Guizhou Province was used under the conditions of Agilent Technoligies DB-1 capillary column and the program 160℃—2℃/min—210℃(10min), and the GC fingerprint chromatogram of Mylabris was set up. RESULTS: The methodological evaluation showed that this method had a good reproducibility, common peaks' relative areas of different samples were different. CONCLUSION: This method is reliable to evaluate the quality of Mylabris.